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Household pests

Correct identification comes first, because the treatment and the cost depend entirely on the species. The EPA's IPM framework makes monitoring and identification a formal step, noting that many organisms found around a home are harmless or beneficial. Treatment costs in 2026 range from $100-$500 for ants to $1,000-$4,000 for bed bugs (This Old House).

Termites vs flying ants is the identification that costs people the most money. The EPA gives the distinguishing features: on a termite the "wings are roughly equal in length" and the "antennae are straight; may droop," while ants have longer front wings and bent antennae. Getting this wrong in either direction is expensive — either you pay for termite work you don't need, or you ignore actual termites.

Termites matter because of scale. Orkin reports termites damage about 600,000 US homes each year, US residents spend an estimated $5 billion annually controlling them and repairing damage, and a homeowner who finds damage spends an average of $3,000 on repairs. Orkin also notes colonies typically need more than five years to reach a damaging size, though Formosan termites move much faster.

Bed bugs are a cost problem rather than a health-damage problem, and elimination takes time. Rodents are an exclusion problem: sealing entry points is what ends it. Ants vary enormously — carpenter ants damage wood, most others don't. Roaches are a sanitation and harborage problem as much as a chemical one.

One rule this site holds to: any claim that a pest has caused structural damage to your home should be verified by an actual inspection of the structure, not asserted from a photo, a sales visit, or an online description. Damage claims drive expensive work and deserve evidence.

How to choose

Photograph and keep a specimen if you can
A clear photo or a taped specimen lets a professional or your state extension service identify the pest properly.
Use free identification help
State cooperative extension services and the National Pesticide Information Center (referenced by EPA at 1-800-858-7378) provide neutral information. Neither is selling you a treatment.
Don't accept a damage claim without an inspection
If someone says termites have damaged your framing, ask to be shown it, and consider an independent inspection before committing to structural repairs.
Different pest, different specialist
The company that's good at ants may not be the one you want for bed bugs or wildlife exclusion. Ask what they treat most often.
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All pest control pests

Subterranean Termites

Drywood Termites

Carpenter Ants

Fire Ants

German Cockroaches

American Cockroaches

House Mice

Norway Rats

Mosquitoes

Ticks

Bed Bugs

Paper Wasps

Yellowjackets

Black Widow Spiders

Brown Recluse Spiders

Fleas

Silverfish

Earwigs

Raccoons

Squirrels

Bats in Attic Overview

FAQ

Pest Control pests — common questions

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The EPA's markers: termite wings are roughly equal in length and their antennae are straight and may droop; ants have longer front wings and bent antennae. If you're unsure, keep the specimen and have it identified before buying anything.
Orkin reports about 600,000 US homes damaged annually, an estimated $5 billion spent each year on control and repair, and an average $3,000 repair bill for a homeowner who discovers damage.
Orkin says colonies usually take more than five years to grow large enough to cause damage, but Formosan termites can cause extensive damage in under six months under ideal conditions. That's a reason for regular inspection, not for panic-buying a treatment today.
No, but you should insist it gets identified before treatment. The EPA builds identification into IPM precisely because treating the wrong organism wastes money and applies pesticide for no reason.
Sources

Where these figures come from

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